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鑑藏宝玺:宣统御览之宝题跋资料:
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主要主题:经史‧故事 虎溪三笑;次要主题:山水秋景 ;次要主题:佛道人物僧(和尚、尼姑)慧远禅师;次要主题:佛道人物道(道士、道姑)陆静修;次要主题:人物高士(士人、隐士)陶潜(陶渊明);次要主题:树木枫树.槭树枫树;其他主题:山水溪涧、湍泉虎溪;其他主题:人物侍从(侍女、童仆)三人;其他主题:树木 ;其他主题:走兽骡.驴 ;其他主题:建筑桥石板桥;其他主题:器用服饰(对人)斗笠;其他主题:器用枴杖技法:
工笔 写意 皴法 人物衣纹描法(粗细线条)参考资料:
收藏着录: 故宫书画录(卷六),第四册,页256 参考书目: 1.王耀庭,〈宋人虎溪三笑图〉,收入王耀庭编,《渊明逸致特展图录》(台北:国立故宫博物院,1988年初版),页96。2.王耀庭,〈宋人虎溪三笑〉,收入国立故宫博物院编,《宋代书画册页名品特展》(台北:国立故宫博物院,1995年初版一刷),页270-271。3.王耀庭,〈「七十件书画册页名品特展」精选(四) — 宋人虎溪三笑〉,《故宫文物月刊》,第149期(1995年8月),页60-63。4.王耀庭,〈帝国的回忆 国立故宫博物院瑰宝赴法展专辑一 — 无款虎溪三笑〉,《故宫文物月刊》,第185期(1998年8月),页54-55。 内容简介(中文): 设色画虎溪三笑故事。「庐山记」云:「远法师居庐阜三十馀年,影不出山,迹不入俗。送客过虎溪,虎辄鸣号。昔陶元亮居栗里,山南陆修静,亦有道之士。远师尝送此二人,与语道合,不觉过之,因相与大笑。」但元末陶宗仪着「辍耕录」,引赵彦通语,谓慧远不与陆修静同时代。陆修静于元嘉(四二四-四五三)末年始到庐山,时慧远亡已三十馀年,渊明亦二十馀年,是此为讹传故事。本幅画三人仰头大笑,两旁红叶,曲涧流水,无不精整,确是宋画佳作。本幅选自「艺林集玉」册第一幅。 内容简介(英文): Along a winding stream bordered by vermilion-tinted trees stand three men, their heads thrown back in loud laughter. The fine execution of this, the first a1bum leaf from the album I-lin chi-Yü, indicates that it is a work of the Sung period.The scene illustrates an anecdote from the Annals of Mount Lu that reads as follows: "Dharma Master【Hui-】Yüan had lived on Mount Lu for over thirty years and not once had his shadow leave the mountain; nor had he any contact with the mundane world. Now if in seeing guests off he ever went as far as crossing Tiger Creek, the tigers would all roar. Once T'ao Yüan-liang【Yüan-ming】of Li-li and Lu Hsiu-ching of Nan-shan, both men of theTao,【came to see him】. Master Hui, when sending them off, was so engrossed in conversation that without realizing it he crossed the creek. At this they all laughed heartily."This story, however, is problematic. The late Yüan dynasty (1279-1368) writer T'ao Tsung-i, in his book A Rest from Ploughing, quotes a certain ChaoYen-t'ung, who says that Hui-yüan and Lu were not contemporaries. Lu first went to Mount Lu when Hui-yüan had already been dead for over thirty years, and T'ao Yüan-ming, for twenty. 研究性论着: 画乔木红叶,一阵风扬起,树枝摇荡,落叶犹见飘满地上。一僧一道一士,石桥左方相拥话别,慧远居中与陆修静相互拥别,渊明以双手拉慧远。三人仰头,纵情大笑,造形尤其少见,左右两旁男仆等候。右方曲涧流水,上复板桥,意指「虎溪」。布局为左右往中斜下,形成两个一角的组合。这是南宋人喜爱的布局。画树干、树叶,用笔劲锐,山石皴法以小斧劈,灵动处与画面风动之情境,完全契合,设色罩染,以丹砂、石绿。远处烟雾,淡彩层层渲染,迷漫一片秋意。人物衣纹,描法如折芦叶而细长,技法处处老到,的是一幅好南宋画。乔木露根,树干樛曲,笔意造形,也均是南宋李唐、萧照一系风格。虎从风,虎啸而风起,是以画中以风为背景,可见画家用心处,无微不至。按「虎溪三笑」故事出于〈庐山记〉﹕「慧远法师庐山阜三十馀年,影不出山,迹不入俗。送客过虎溪,虎辄鸣号。昔陶元亮(渊明)居栗里,山南陆修静,亦有道之士。远师尝送此二人,与语道合,不觉过之,因相大笑。」(注1 )这是传说中的故事,(注2)宋人调和儒释道三家于一体,并为画家采取入画。(注3 )(王耀庭)注1:陈舜俞,《庐山记》(台北:商务印书馆,1973影印四库全书本)卷二页八下。注2:陶宗仪,《辍耕录》(武进陶湘逸园刊本,1923)卷三十页一四下。注3:关于莲社的辨误。见汤用彤《汉魏两晋南北朝佛教史》上册(新店:弥勒出版社, 1982)页366--371。又方立天《慧远及其佛学》(北京:中国人民大学,1984),